The virus is most common in winter and early spring, spreading through direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces.
India has reported Five cases of the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that recently gained attention after its cases were reported in China. Public health experts, however, say the fear is overblown and the cases are part of typical flow of respiratory virus seasons.
The health ministry also assured people that there is no reason for alarm. In a statement, the ministry said the HMPV, first identified in 2001, is already in global circulation, including in India.
The first two cases of HMPV virus in India were reported from Bengaluru on Monday. This includes a three month old baby, who has been discharged and an eight month old, who is recovering at a hospital. The third case of HMPV was confirmed in a two month old infant in Ahmedabad, who was admitted to the hospital on December 24 with symptoms of cold, cough and breathing difficulty.
Tamil Nadu has reported two cases of HMPV, one each in Chennai and Salem. No death due to HMPV have been reported in India so far. The India Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the top medical body, emphasised that the HMPV is already in 'circulation' globally, including in India.
Health officials, including Union Health Minister JP Nadda have, reassured the public that HMPV is not new and spreads through respiratory droplets, affecting people of all ages.
Nadda said in a video statement, "It was identified in 2001 and it has been circulating in the entire world for many years. The virus spreads more during the winter and the early spring months.
"The Health Ministry, the ICMR and the National Centre for Disease Control are keeping a close watch on the situation in China as well as in the neighbouring countries," he added.
He further said, "WHO has taken cognisance of the situation and will share its report shortly with us. The country data for respiratory viruses available with ICMR and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program has also been reviewed and no surge in any of the common respiratory viral pathogens is observed in India. Joint monitoring group meeting was held under the chairmanship of Director General for Health Services on 4th January to review the situation. The health systems and surveillance networks of the country remain vigilant, ensuring the country is ready to respond promptly to any emerging health challenges. There is no reason to worry."
The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms. Studies show it has circulated in human populations since the 1970s, though it was first identified by scientists in 2001.
The virus accounts for 4-16% of acute respiratory infections globally, with cases usually peaking between November and May. While most adults have developed immunity through previous exposure, HMPV can cause more severe symptoms in infants encountering it for the first time and in people with weakened immune systems.
HMPV infections typically present with mild symptoms, including, Cough, Runny nose or nasal congestion, Sore throat, Fever.
In children younger than 1 year of age, the elderly who have weak immune systems, HMPV can cause more than respiratory illness.
While anyone can contract HMPV, the virus is most concerning for young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable, with about 5-16% of cases potentially progressing to lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia. Elderly and those with underlying health conditions may experience more severe symptoms as well.