Mahavir Jayanti, also known as Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, is one of the most important religious festivals in Jainism, celebrated with immense devotion and reverence by Jains worldwide. It commemorates the birth anniversary of Lord Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara (spiritual teacher) of Jainism. This auspicious occasion is not merely a celebration of his birth but a reminder of his profound teachings of non-violence (Ahimsa), truthfulness (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), celibacy (Brahmacharya), and non-attachment (Aparigraha), which guide Jains in their pursuit of spiritual liberation.
When is Mahavir Jayanti 2025
Mahavir Jayanti falls on the 13th day of the Chaitra month in the Hindu lunar calendar, which usually falls in March or April in the Gregorian calendar. This year, Mahavira Jayanti will be celebrated on April 10, 2025 (Thursday).
A Brief History of Lord Mahavira
Lord Mahavira, originally named Vardhamana, was born in the early part of the 6th century BCE in Kundagrama, near Vaishali (present-day Bihar, India). He was born into a royal family, the son of King Siddhartha and Queen Trishala. From a young age, Vardhamana displayed exceptional wisdom and compassion, showing little interest in worldly pleasures.
At the age of 30, deeply moved by the suffering prevalent in the world, he renounced his royal life and embarked on a journey of spiritual seeking. For the next 12 years, he lived an ascetic life, subjecting himself to rigorous penance, meditation, and self-discipline. He wandered naked, enduring extreme hardships and practicing intense self-control to conquer his inner desires and karmic attachments.
After twelve years of arduous practice, under a Sal tree near the town of Jrimbhikagrama, he attained Kevala Jnana, the perfect and complete knowledge. He became Mahavira, meaning "Great Hero," due to his exceptional courage and perseverance. After attaining enlightenment, he dedicated the next 30 years of his life to propagating his teachings throughout India, attracting a significant following and establishing the foundations of Jainism.
Lord Mahavira attained Nirvana (liberation from the cycle of birth and death) at the age of 72 in Pavapuri, Bihar. His teachings, preserved through generations of disciples, have shaped the philosophical and ethical framework of Jainism.
Significance of Mahavira Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti holds immense significance for the Jain community as it commemorates the birth of Lord Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara. This auspicious occasion serves as a reminder of his profound teachings, emphasizing principles like ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment). The day is observed with prayers, processions, and acts of charity, fostering a spirit of peace, harmony, and compassion among devotees.
Celebrations of Mahavir Jayanti
Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated with vibrant festivities and deep devotion by Jains across the globe. The celebrations typically include:
Processions and Rath Yatras: Grand processions, known as Rath Yatras, are organized in many cities and towns. Statues of Lord Mahavira are carried on elaborately decorated chariots, accompanied by devotees chanting hymns, singing religious songs, and performing traditional dances.
Temple Visits and Prayers: Jains visit Jain temples (Derasaars) to offer prayers and participate in religious rituals. Special abhishekams (ceremonial bathing) of Lord Mahavira's idols are performed.
Lectures and Discourses: Religious leaders and scholars deliver lectures and discourses on the life and teachings of Lord Mahavira. These sessions provide insights into Jain philosophy and encourage listeners to apply its principles in their daily lives.
Charitable Activities and Community Service: On this auspicious day, Jains engage in various charitable activities, such as donating food, clothing, and medicine to the needy. They also organize blood donation camps and free medical check-up camps. Animal shelters are often supported, and efforts are made to rescue and protect animals.
Fasting and Meditation: Many Jains observe fasts on Mahavir Jayanti, abstaining from food or consuming only certain types of food. They also dedicate time to meditation and reflection, seeking inner peace and spiritual growth.
Releasing Animals from Slaughterhouses: A particularly impactful practice is the release of animals destined for slaughterhouses. This act of compassion embodies the principle of Ahimsa and reinforces the Jain commitment to protecting all living beings.
Decorations and Illuminations: Jain temples and homes are decorated with colorful flags, flowers, and lights, creating a festive atmosphere. Special Jain dishes, prepared without harming any living creatures, are served.
Mahavir Jayanti is more than just a celebration; it is a reaffirmation of the timeless principles of Jainism and a call to action. It provides an opportunity to introspect, reassess our actions, and strive to live a more compassionate, ethical, and spiritually fulfilling life. By embracing the teachings of Lord Mahavira, we can contribute to a more peaceful, harmonious, and sustainable world for all beings. This day inspires individuals to follow the path of Ahimsa, practice self-discipline, and work towards achieving inner peace and spiritual liberation. As we celebrate Mahavir Jayanti, let us remember the enduring message of compassion, non-violence, and universal brotherhood, and strive to embody these values in our daily lives.
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